First of all, the article refers to a discussion on Reddit that was just ridiculous.
“The Redditors picking apart the client code have found some genuine issues with it, but healthcare.gov’s biggest problems are most likely not in the front-end code of the site’s Web pages, but in the back-end, server-side code that handles—or doesn’t handle—the registration process, which no one can see. Consequently, I would be skeptical of any outside claim to have identified the problem with the site.”
This is WAY too charitable. I’m not “skeptical.” I think the Redditors are dumb as rocks for wasting any time on this at all.
Server side (back end) code handles pretty much everything that is important about a web application's internal logic. The client side (front end) stuff -- which you can see printed out if you right-click on any page in your browser and select "View Source" -- handles cosmetic stuff. How the website looks, what kind of warning messages you get if you enter bad data, etc. It's possible for a site to break because of bad front end code, but that were true then it would almost certain be broken for everybody, not up and down sporadically.
I passed along the article to a friend who is the architect of our software at my job. His explanation is more thorough than mine, so I'm reprinting it with his permission.
Here’s how I would have written the same article but with my speculation….
I think the biggest and most important challenge is the overall architecture. From an architectural standpoint you need to ensure that your system is
Secondly, for the end user experience, from a UI perspective you need to be
- Secure
- Can scale appropriately
- Handles the scenario where it is overloaded
Once you go live you are in a situation where you have to deal with all types of scenarios quickly. One issue that I see referenced a lot is the fact that the security question dropdowns aren’t populating. Maybe they load tested this but didn’t verify the contents of the actual html rendered. If you rely on older back ends then that needs to be part of your load testing and you need to reduce talking to those systems the least amount possible.
- User Friendly
- Ensure proper feedback
- Have as much client side validation as possible
As far as server load there are 3 types of congestion you need to deal with. Memory, CPU and information I/O (Network and Drive). The dropdown thing might be related to either one of those three.
This, of course, is informed speculation about the nature of the problem itself, drawing on real experience about how websites are designed, and how to go about debugging the problem. The Salon author, David Auerbach, doesn't do this sort of thing. Instead, he casts about wildly to find a place to assign blame. He claims that he can identify it as an Oracle problem based on a single error message:
“Error from: https%3A//www.healthcare.gov/oberr.cgi%3Fstatus%253D500%2520errmsg%253DErrEngineDown%23signUpStepOne.”
To translate, that’s an Oracle database complaining that it can’t do a signup because its “engine” server is down.
What? It is? How did he know that? I looked up “ErrEngineDown” to see if it might be a standard Oracle message. It is not. So my reading is that it’s simply the name that the developers themselves chose to assign to this particular error. There is literally nothing you can determine from this one status result, as far as identifying what kind of database they used, or why the database failed.
After that, Auerbach goes on to state that
That is, the front-end static website and the back-end servers (and possibly some dynamic components of the Web pages) were developed by two different contractors. Coordination between them appears to have been nonexistent, or else front-end architect Development Seed never would have given this interview to the Atlantic a few months back, in which they embrace open-source and envision a new world of government agencies sharing code with one another.
It's true, apparently there are at least two different developers who've had their hands on the system: Development Seed and CGI Federal. This is not a legitimate criticism of the process. The federal government is big. The ACA is big. It is routine and normal to have multiple companies working with one set of data. After all, each individual state seemingly has their own website which has to connect to the ACA. In that case, you typically have a web service host on the back end, which processes results, and the results come from many different clients -- i.e., the state's web site, which was probably developed at least partially by someone in the state.
And that's all we know. There is no evidence I can find in any of those links, that "coordination between them appears to have been nonexistent." Auerbach simply made that up. He also makes up a cute little fictional dialogue that has no grounding in reality whatsoever. That conclusion also does not follow from the fact that they use open source code and are enthusiastic about promoting open source principles, unless I’m missing some other piece of information cited. It may be the case, but it’s not demonstrated at all. Open source is just a model of developing something with transparency. It doesn't say anything at all about the process which the two developers followed.
To reiterate: We're talking about a website that is not working, for some people, some of the time. A friend posted just today that he successfully created his account and is done with the process. This is not a site that is fundamentally broken or flawed; it is a server that is sometimes overloaded by a very high volume of traffic. That's it. That's the whole problem.
